Introduction
Oil and Gas Sector has three Sectors
◦
UpStream
◦
MidStream
◦ Down Stream
What is Upstream
Upstream is E&P (exploration and
Production). This involves the search for underwater and
underground natural gas fields or crude oil fields and the drilling
of exploration wells and drilling into established wells to recover oil and
gas.
What is Mid Stream
Midstream entails the
transportation, storage, and processing of oil and gas. Once resources are
recovered, it has to be transported to a refinery, which is often in a
completely different geographic region compared to the oil and gas
reserves. Transportation can include anything from tanker ships to
pipelines and trucking fleets.
What is Down Stream
Downstream refers to the filtering
of the raw materials obtained during the upstream phase. This means
refining crude oil and purifying natural gas. The marketing and commercial
distribution of these products to consumers and end users in a number of forms
including natural gas, diesel oil, petrol, gasoline, lubricants, kerosene, jet
fuel, asphalt, heating oil, LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) as well as a number
of other types of petrochemicals.
Products
The largest volumes of products of
the oil and gas industry are fuel oil and gasoline
(petrol). Petroleum is the primary material for a multitude of
chemical products, including pharmaceuticals, fertilizers, solvents and
plastics. Petroleum is therefore integral to many industries and is
of critical importance to many nations as the foundation of their industries.
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